Germany (Thuringia ) : public and bank holidays, closure of banks, stock exchanges, school vacations

Secular holiday : The world's most widely celebrated holiday, New Years was set on January 1 by Julius Caesar because that was the date the Roman consuls took over their duties. Paid holiday when falling on Saturday or Sunday

School holidays : Www.thueringen.de
calendar gazetted by the Ministry of Education
all study programs are aligned with the requirements of the Bologna Process
PISA ranking (average 493): 509, among the 15 best WW
Schooling is mandatory till age 16
number of instructional hours per year in lower secondary education: 752
Usually no school on Saturday
No uniform required
University of Jena ranking: Times Higher Education #--/QS ranking #341/Shanghai #301-400

Dates confirmed till Oct 2024

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Culture : During one week (starting with the date indicated), there are carnivals in several towns and regions in Germany (Catholic regions). For business, avoid the Thursday (in Cologne, Dusseldorf, Bavaria and Baden-Württenberg). and the Monday (in Bonn, Cologne and Dusseldorf. The days of Carnival (the week, which ends with Ash Wednesday) are not offical holidays. Only Carnival Monday and Shrove Tuesday are de-facto -holidays in the "strongholds" of Carnival (Cologne, Düsseldorf, Mainz and Aachen - but also in several townships in the "western" states), because of the traditional Carnival-Processions.

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Catholic or protestant : The First Council of Nicaea (a gathering of bishops in the early days of Christianity) wanted to find a day to commemorate the crucifixion and resurrection of Christ. This commemoration had to be linked to Jewish holiday traditions, since the last supper of Christ was believed to be a Jewish Passover meal. But the Jewish calendar is based on lunar and solar cycles, so the Easter celebration had to follow the same calendar.

Catholic or protestant : Not a paid holiday

Catholic or protestant : In the year 325, the Council of Nicée determined a date fo Easter. Full Moon would fall the 14th day of a moon month (1). Easter would be marked by the dominical letter(2)and the epactus(3). With the establishment of the equinox ne variatur on March 21, algorithms where elaborated to attribuate a date for Easter whatever the year.
Time between two consecutive new moons: 20 days 12 hours 44 minutes 2.8 - Gives a letter code for the year's calendar Age of the moon on January 1st, minus one unity, 0 being the new moon's age.

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Secular holiday : Chicago, Saturday May 1st, 1886: 350,000 workers go on strike to call for an 8-hour working day. Industries are paralyzed nationwide. On Monday, as demonstrations go on, the police open fire. On Tuesday, Chicago is again on strike. Following a bomb launched against them, the police shoot again. 12 dead, of which 7 policemen. 8 anarchists will be condemned and executed. In 1889, the Socialist International Movement met in Paris and declared this day international workers' day . The Soviets will follow suit, just as the Nazis. In France, under the Vichy regime (1940-1944), the celebration is renamed Labour Day .

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Catholic or protestant : Forty days after Easter, always on a Thursday. After his resurrection, Jesus appeared before his disciples and gathered them to tell them to baptize and spread the good word. He then ascended to heaven on a cloud.

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Catholic or protestant : Paid holiday

Catholic or protestant : Seven weeks after Easter Monday -Marking the day the Holy Spirit entered the disciples left behind and the beginning of their ministry.

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Catholic : For six hundred years that feast was observed on the Thursday after Trinity Sunday, but in 1970 the new Roman Missal, while retaining that day for some countries, provided that in others the feast be observed on the Sunday after Trinity. Commemorates the Last supper. Pope Urban IV ordered the observance of such a feast in 1264, and in the following century it became universal in the Western Church.

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